Tips & strategy
Do not fire at random. Because the smallest ship covers two squares, firing in a checkerboard pattern, every other square, still cannot miss a ship entirely while using half as many shots to find one. Only switch to filling in squares once you have a hit to chase.
The moment you score a hit, stop searching and start hunting. Fire at the four squares next to the hit to find the direction the ship runs, then continue along that line. Going back to random shots after a hit wastes the information you just paid for.
When a ship refuses to sink after several hits in a line, remember two ships can sit next to each other. If a shot along your expected line misses, the ship may have ended and a second one begins beside it. Re-check the perpendicular squares.
Keep a mental note of which ship sizes remain. Once the larger ships are gone, you know every remaining target is short, so you can space your search shots more widely and still be sure of catching them.